Elements used to create the illusion of depth include perspective or scale - size decreases with distance, meaning things that are further away look smaller. Variation in line thickness can be used to suggest depth - for example the lines of a road or train tracks will get thinner as they get further away. Objects also overlap when one is in front of the other.
"Atmospheric perspective" objects in foreground in greater detail, brighter colour, deeper value than objects in background. Colours - we perceive warm colours as being closer than cool colours.
* Andrew Kator - Quick Tips in Design - Part 3: The illusion of depth
* Brian Stonehill's Principles of Visual Literacy - Scale used to create illusion of depth
* Jacci Howard Bear - Using drop shadow to create dimension
* Western Illinois University - Elements and Principles of Design: Depth
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